Ƙirƙirar ƙira

Ƙirƙirar ƙura tana nufin samar da sassa da samfura ta hanyar yin da amfani da gyare-gyare. Mold gyare-gyare za a iya raba daban-daban iri daban-daban, matsawa gyare-gyaren, allura gyare-gyaren, extrusion gyare-gyaren, allura gyare-gyaren, m gyare-gyaren, mutu-simintin gyaran kafa, da dai sauransu.

(1) Gyaran matsi

Wanda aka fi sani da gyare-gyaren latsa, yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin farko na ƙirƙirar sassan filastik. Yin gyare-gyaren matsawa shine ƙara filastik kai tsaye zuwa cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙura tare da takamaiman zafin jiki, sa'an nan kuma rufe ƙirar. A ƙarƙashin aikin zafi da matsa lamba, filastik ya narke kuma ya zama yanayi mai gudana. Sakamakon tasirin jiki da sinadarai, filastik yana taurare zuwa wani yanki na filastik tare da takamaiman tsari da girman da ya rage baya canzawa a cikin zafin jiki. Matsi gyare-gyare ne yafi amfani da gyare-gyaren thermosetting robobi, irin su phenolic gyare-gyaren foda, urea-formaldehyde da melamine formaldehyde gyare-gyaren foda, gilashin fiber ƙarfafa phenolic robobi, epoxy guduro, DAP guduro, silicone guduro, polyimide, da dai sauransu Yana iya kuma mold da aiwatar da shi. unsaturated polyester mass (DMC), sheet gyaggyarawa fili (SMC), prefabricated monolithic gyare-gyaren fili (BMC), da dai sauransu Gabaɗaya magana, matsawa molds sukan kasu kashi uku Categories: ambaliya irin, non-overflow type, da Semi-overflow iri bisa ga. zuwa tsarin daidaitawa na sama da ƙananan ƙira na fim ɗin matsawa.

(2) Gyaran allura

Ana fara ƙara robobin a cikin ganga mai dumama na injin allura. Filastik yana mai zafi kuma yana narkewa. Kore da dunƙule ko plunger na allura inji, shi shiga cikin mold rami ta bututun ƙarfe da mold zubo tsarin. An taurare da siffa saboda tasirin jiki da sinadarai don zama gyare-gyaren allura. samfurori. Yin gyare-gyaren allura ya ƙunshi zagayowar da ke kunshe da allura, riƙewar matsin lamba (sanyi) da tafiyar da aikin ɓarna na ɓangaren filastik, don haka gyare-gyaren allura yana da halaye na zagaye. Thermoplastic allura gyare-gyaren yana da ɗan gajeren sake zagayowar gyare-gyare, babban samar da ingantaccen aiki, da ƙaramin lalacewa akan ƙirar ta narke. Yana iya ƙera ɓangarorin filastik da yawa tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa, bayyanannun alamu da alamomi, da daidaito mai girma; duk da haka, don robobi tare da manyan canje-canje a cikin kauri na bango, sassa, yana da wuya a guje wa lahani na gyare-gyare. Anisotropy na sassan filastik shima ɗaya ne daga cikin matsalolin inganci, kuma yakamata a ɗauki duk matakan da za a iya ɗauka don rage shi.

(3) Extrusion gyare-gyare

Yana da hanyar gyare-gyaren da ke ba da damar filastik a cikin yanayin kwararar ruwa don wucewa ta cikin mutu tare da takamaiman nau'i na giciye a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da wani matsa lamba, sa'an nan kuma siffanta shi zuwa bayanin martaba mai ci gaba tare da siffar giciye da ake bukata a ƙananan zafin jiki. Tsarin samarwa na gyare-gyaren extrusion ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen kayan gyare-gyare, gyaran gyare-gyare, sanyaya da siffa, ja da yankan, da kuma bayan-aiki na samfurori da aka fitar (masu zafi ko zafi). A lokacin aiwatar da gyare-gyaren extrusion, kula da daidaita yanayin zafin jiki na kowane ɓangaren dumama na ganga mai extruder da mutu, saurin juyawa, saurin juzu'i da sauran sigogin tsari don samun bayanan martaba na extrusion. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don daidaitawa da adadin da aka fitar da polymer narke daga mutu. Domin lokacin da adadin narkakkar kayan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, extrudate yana da santsi mai santsi da sifar giciye iri ɗaya; amma idan yawan fitar da narkakkar kayan ya kai wani iyaka, saman abin fitar zai zama dauriya ya rasa kyalli. , fatar shark, layin kwasfa na lemu, murdiya siffar da sauran abubuwan mamaki suna bayyana. Lokacin da adadin extrusion ya ƙara ƙaruwa, saman extrudate ya zama gurɓatacce har ma ya rabu kuma ya shiga cikin narke gutsuttsura ko silinda. Sabili da haka, sarrafa ƙimar extrusion yana da mahimmanci.

(4) Matsa lamba gyare-gyaren allura

Ana kuma kiran wannan hanyar gyare-gyaren canja wuri. Shi ne a ƙara da roba albarkatun kasa a cikin preheated ciyar dakin, sa'an nan sanya ginshiƙin matsa lamba a cikin ciyarwa dakin don kulle mold, da kuma amfani da matsi ga filastik ta wurin matsa lamba. Filastik ɗin yana narkewa a cikin yanayi mai gudana a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba, kuma yana shiga cikin kogon ƙira ta hanyar tsarin zubewa. A hankali yana ƙarfafawa zuwa sassan filastik. Yin gyare-gyaren matsa lamba ya dace da robobi waɗanda suke ƙasa da ƙarfi. Filastik ɗin da za a iya ƙera su bisa ƙa'ida kuma ana iya yin su ta hanyar gyare-gyaren allura. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar kayan gyare-gyare don samun ruwa mai kyau a cikin yanayin da aka narkar da shi lokacin da ya fi ƙasa da zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi girma lokacin da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi.

(5) Yin gyare-gyare

Yana da don gyara tubular ko takardar blank sanya ta extrusion ko allura da kuma har yanzu a cikin plasticized jihar a cikin gyare-gyare mold, da kuma nan da nan gabatar da matsawa iska don tilasta blank zuwa fadada da kuma tsaya ga bango na mold rami. Hanyar sarrafawa wanda ake samun samfurin da ake buƙata ta hanyar lalatawa bayan sanyaya da siffa. Plastics dace da m gyare-gyare ne high-matsa lamba polyethylene, low-matsa lamba polyethylene, wuya polyvinyl chloride, taushi polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, da dai sauransu A cewar daban-daban parison gyare-gyaren hanyoyin, m gyare-gyare ne yafi zuwa kashi biyu iri: extrusion. busa gyare-gyare da gyare-gyaren allura. Amfanin gyare-gyaren bugun jini shine cewa tsarin tsarin extruder da extrusion busa mold yana da sauƙi. Rashin hasara shine kaurin bangon parison bai dace ba, wanda zai iya haifar da kaurin bangon samfuran filastik cikin sauƙi. Fa'idar yin gyare-gyaren allura shine cewa kaurin bangon parison ya zama iri ɗaya kuma babu filaye masu walƙiya. Tun da allurar parison yana da ƙasan ƙasa, ba za a sami ɗakuna da ɗakuna a ƙasan samfurin mara kyau ba, wanda ba kawai kyakkyawa ba ne amma kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Abin da ke da lahani shi ne cewa kayan gyare-gyare da gyare-gyaren da ake amfani da su suna da tsada, don haka ana amfani da wannan hanyar yin gyare-gyaren mafi yawa don samar da ƙananan samfurori, kuma ba a yi amfani da shi ba kamar yadda ake amfani da shi kamar yadda ake yin gyaran fuska.

(6) Mutuwar yin gyare-gyare

Mutuwar simintin gyare-gyare shine taƙaitaccen simintin matsi. Tsarin simintin mutuwa shine ƙara ɗanyen robobi a cikin ɗakin ciyarwa da aka riga aka yi zafi, sannan a shafa matsi zuwa ginshiƙin matsi. Filastik ɗin yana narkewa a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba, yana shiga cikin rami ta hanyar tsarin zubar da gyaɗa, kuma a hankali yana taurare ya zama siffa. Ana kiran wannan hanyar yin gyare-gyaren mutu-casting. Ana kiran samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman simintin simintin gyare-gyare. Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in mafi yawa don gyare-gyaren robobi na thermosetting.

Mold gyare-gyare yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai don kera samfuran da aka yi da abubuwa daban-daban kamar robobi da karafa. Bugu da kari, akwai kumfa filastik gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare, gilashin fiber ƙarfafa filastik ƙananan gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu.

Za a iya bambanta gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare bisa la'akari da yanayi daban-daban, ka'idodin nakasawa, na'urori daban-daban, daidaitattun gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu Fahimtar hanyoyi daban-daban na ƙirƙira zai taimake ka ka zaɓi mafi kyawun zaɓi a cikin zaɓin tsarin masana'antu da kuma guje wa asarar da ba dole ba ta haifar da zaɓi mara kyau.